This paper presents an introduction to the state-of-the-art in anomaly and change-point detection. On the one hand, the main concepts needed to understand the vast scientific literature on those subjects are introduced. On the other, a selection of important surveys and books, as well as two selected active research topics in the field, are presented.
translated by 谷歌翻译
通常认为CNN能够使用有关其接收领域内不同对象(例如其定向关系)的上下文信息。但是,这种能力的性质和限制从未得到充分探索。我们使用经过训练的标准U-NET探索特定类型的关系〜-定向〜-,以优化分割的跨透镜损失函数。我们按照借口细分任务训练该网络,需要取得成功的方向关系推理,并指出,凭借足够的数据和足够大的接收领域,它成功地学习了所提出的任务。我们进一步探讨了网络通过分析方向关系受到干扰的方案,并表明网络已经学会了使用这些关系来推理。
translated by 谷歌翻译
在因果关系中,估计治疗的效果而不会混淆推断仍然是一个主要问题,因为需要在没有治疗的情况下评估两种情况的结果。无法同时观察它们,潜在结果的估计仍然是一个具有挑战性的任务。我们提出了一种创新的方法,其中问题是作为缺失的数据模型重新重新制作。目的是估计\ emph {因果群体}的隐藏分布,定义为治疗和结果的函数。通过先前取决于处理和结果信息的原因自动编码器(CAE),使潜在空间与目标群体的概率分布增强。在减少到潜伏空间之后重建该特征,并由在网络的中间层中引入的掩模约束,其中包含治疗和结果信息。
translated by 谷歌翻译
认知社交选择旨在揭示给予投票的隐藏地面真理,这被解释为关于它的嘈杂信号。我们考虑在这里考虑一个简单的环境,其中投票由批准选票组成:每个选民批准一套他们认为可能是实际事实的替代方案。根据直观的想法,更可靠的投票包含较少的替代品,我们定义了几种噪声模型,该模型是批准的Mallows模型的投票变体。然后,可能最大化的替代方案被称为加权批准规则的获胜者,其中投票权重量与其基数减少。我们在三个图像注释数据集中进行了实验;他们得出基于我们的噪声模型优于标准批准投票的规则;最佳性能是通过髁孔噪声模型的变型获得的。
translated by 谷歌翻译
本技术报告致力于综合估算epsilon作业。粗略地说,两个组V1和V2之间的ePsilon分配可以被理解为V1的子部分与V2的子部分之间的映射映射。V1的剩余元素(未包括在该映射中)被映射到V2的epsilon伪元素上。我们说这些元素被删除了。相反,V2的剩余元素对应于V1的epsilon伪元素的图像。我们说这些元素被插入了。结果,我们的方法提供了类似于inter拒绝插入或删除的一些元素的额外能力的池角算法之一。因此,自然处理不同尺寸的v1和v2,并以统一的方式决定映射/插入/删除。我们的算法是迭代和可微分的,因此可以容易地插入基于反正的学习框架,例如人工神经网络。
translated by 谷歌翻译
功能连接是研究大脑振荡活动的关键方法,以便为神经元相互作用的潜在动态提供重要见解,并且主要用于脑活动分析。建立脑电脑界面信息几何的进步,我们提出了一种新颖的框架,它结合了功能连接估计和基于协方差的管道来对精神状态进行分类,例如电机图像。针对每个估算器培训的riemannian分类器,并且集合分类器将决策组合在每个特征空间中。提供了对功能连接估计器的全面评估,并在不同的条件和数据集上评估最佳表演管道,称为岩酮。使用Meta分析在数据集中聚合结果,FUCONE比所有最先进的方法更好地执行。性能增益主要是对特征空间的改进的改进的改进,增加了集合分类器相对于和内部主题间变异性的鲁棒性。
translated by 谷歌翻译
当我们配对输入$ x $和输出$ y $的培训数据时,普通监督学习很有用。但是,这种配对数据在实践中可能很难收集。在本文中,我们考虑了当我们没有配对数据时预测$ y $的任务,但是我们有两个单独的独立数据集,分别为$ x $,每个$ $ $ y $ y $ y $ y $ y $ y $ u $ u $ u $ $,也就是说,我们有两个数据集$ s_x = \ {(x_i,u_i)\} $和$ s_y = \ {(u'_j,y'_jj)\} $。一种天真的方法是使用$ s_x $从$ x $中预测$ u $,然后使用$ s_y $从$ u $ $ y $预测$ y $,但我们表明这在统计上不一致。此外,预测$ u $比预测$ y $在实践中更困难,例如$ u $具有更高的维度。为了避免难度,我们提出了一种避免预测$ u $的新方法,但直接通过培训$ f(x)$ $ s_ {x} $来预测$ y = f(x)$,以预测$ h(u)$经过$ s_ {y} $的培训,以近似$ y $。我们证明了我们方法的统计一致性和误差范围,并通过实验确认其实际实用性。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Machine learning models are typically evaluated by computing similarity with reference annotations and trained by maximizing similarity with such. Especially in the bio-medical domain, annotations are subjective and suffer from low inter- and intra-rater reliability. Since annotations only reflect the annotation entity's interpretation of the real world, this can lead to sub-optimal predictions even though the model achieves high similarity scores. Here, the theoretical concept of Peak Ground Truth (PGT) is introduced. PGT marks the point beyond which an increase in similarity with the reference annotation stops translating to better Real World Model Performance (RWMP). Additionally, a quantitative technique to approximate PGT by computing inter- and intra-rater reliability is proposed. Finally, three categories of PGT-aware strategies to evaluate and improve model performance are reviewed.
translated by 谷歌翻译
Mixtures of von Mises-Fisher distributions can be used to cluster data on the unit hypersphere. This is particularly adapted for high-dimensional directional data such as texts. We propose in this article to estimate a von Mises mixture using a l 1 penalized likelihood. This leads to sparse prototypes that improve clustering interpretability. We introduce an expectation-maximisation (EM) algorithm for this estimation and explore the trade-off between the sparsity term and the likelihood one with a path following algorithm. The model's behaviour is studied on simulated data and, we show the advantages of the approach on real data benchmark. We also introduce a new data set on financial reports and exhibit the benefits of our method for exploratory analysis.
translated by 谷歌翻译
Passive monitoring of acoustic or radio sources has important applications in modern convenience, public safety, and surveillance. A key task in passive monitoring is multiobject tracking (MOT). This paper presents a Bayesian method for multisensor MOT for challenging tracking problems where the object states are high-dimensional, and the measurements follow a nonlinear model. Our method is developed in the framework of factor graphs and the sum-product algorithm (SPA). The multimodal probability density functions (pdfs) provided by the SPA are effectively represented by a Gaussian mixture model (GMM). To perform the operations of the SPA in high-dimensional spaces, we make use of Particle flow (PFL). Here, particles are migrated towards regions of high likelihood based on the solution of a partial differential equation. This makes it possible to obtain good object detection and tracking performance even in challenging multisensor MOT scenarios with single sensor measurements that have a lower dimension than the object positions. We perform a numerical evaluation in a passive acoustic monitoring scenario where multiple sources are tracked in 3-D from 1-D time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) measurements provided by pairs of hydrophones. Our numerical results demonstrate favorable detection and estimation accuracy compared to state-of-the-art reference techniques.
translated by 谷歌翻译